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- TECHNOLOGY, Page 69Forgery in the Home Office
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- Counterfeiters find a new tool: the personal computer
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- The trail of bogus checks led across three Southern states,
- from a few that were passed in Louisiana, to a flood of nearly
- 100 that turned up in Tuscaloosa, Ala. They totaled in the tens
- of thousands of dollars, and all were tracked down to one
- place: a private home in Vicksburg, Miss. There, police
- discovered a trove of high-tech gear that included a document
- scanner, a laser printer, an IBM-compatible computer and a disk
- filled with digitized checks, drivers' licenses and department
- store IDs. "The guy could copy anything he wanted," says
- Detective Reggie McCann of the Jackson, Miss., police. "It blew
- our minds."
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- That counterfeit case, which is pending in two state courts,
- may be the most elaborate and costly example yet of a new form
- of fraud: desktop forgery. Using the methods of desktop
- publishing -- the technology by which professional-looking
- publications are prepared on inexpensive personal computers --
- desktop forgers can cheaply and easily create official
- documents that are virtually indistinguishable from the real
- thing.
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- "There has always been forgery," says Paul Brainerd,
- president of the Seattle software firm Aldus Corp. and the man
- who coined the term desktop publishing. "We have just lowered
- the cost of entry."
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- The technique is remarkably simple. First, the forger uses
- an optical scanner to turn a legitimate document into a digital
- image stored in the computer's memory. Then, using a so-called
- paint program, which is an electronic version of an artist's
- drawing kit, he alters the image to suit his purposes -- adding
- zeros to the dollar amount, say, or deleting the payee's name
- and substituting his own. Finally, the altered document is
- printed out on a laser printer or, for best results, on a
- professional typesetting machine.
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- "It's a golden opportunity for criminals," says James
- Cavuoto, editor of Micro Publishing Report, based in Torrance,
- Calif., and author of a new study that describes the scope of
- the problem and offers tips for detection. According to
- Cavuoto, desktop forgers can doctor a wide range of documents:
- passports, birth certificates, immigration cards, stock
- certificates, credit-card receipts, purchase orders, drug
- prescriptions and letters of reference. Academic transcripts
- are particularly susceptible because college students have easy
- access to te necessary equipment.
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- There are plenty of ways to defeat the desktop forger. The
- Standard Register company in Dayton, for example, sells a
- complete line of aids, from artificial watermarks that can be
- seen from an angle but are invisible to document scanners, to
- specially treated paper stock that, when tampered with,
- displays the word VOID in English, Spanish and Latin. But the
- counterfeiters do not seem daunted. A man in Boston used
- computer-faked checks and purchase orders to buy computer
- equipment. A couple in Phoenix made the rounds of the local
- liquor stores and check-cashing agencies with phony paychecks
- stamped with a variety of corporate logos. And late last year
- political activists in California distributed some 2,500 copies
- of the Los Angeles Times wrapped with a fake front page. One
- "article" criticized U.S. involvement in El Salvaand another
- column apologized for the Times's news coverage of events
- there.
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- By Philip Elmer-DeWitt.
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